personal

editing the environmental path

sudo gedit /etc/environment

installation of jdk in ubuntu
sudo apt-get install sun-java6-bin sun-java6-jre
http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-ubuntu-linux-install-configure-jdk-jre/

You can use either kchmviewer or gnochm or xchm. This is to view .chm files

kchmviewer from KDE:

Code:

sudo aptitude install kchmviewer

gnochm from Gnome:

Code:

sudo aptitude install gnochm

xchm:

Code:

sudo aptitude install xchm

change samba password
sudo smbpasswd -a 'myusername' meta name="GENERATOR" content="OpenOffice.org 2.2 (Linux)">

How can i change Grub Menu?

Ok. First you need to open the grub configuration file for editing. To do this, open a terminal window (I have it un Applications/Accessories, but I think it was in Applications/System tools in breezy), type 'sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst', and enter your password.

All the lines with a # in beginning are comments, they are just to help you. All the important lines are those without a #. Now find a line like 'default 0'. That's where you select which OS will boot by default. You'll have to take a look at how many separate entries you have, and which one is windows. Most likely the first 2 are Ubuntu entries, and then there's memtest, and after that would be your windows. The first entry is number 0, second is 1 etc. So if windows was the 4th entry you have, change that 'default'-line to 'default 3', if it's sixth, use 'default 5'...

If you set the line to 'default saved', grub will always default to the last used entry (if the entry has a line with 'savedefault'), so after running windows your machine would boot to windows by default, and after running Ubuntu it will boot to Ubuntu by default.

sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

Check for dependencies:

sudo synaptic

NVIDIA driver

$ sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx nvidia-kernel-common

$ sudo nvidia-xconfig

Ctrl+Alt+Backspace

Install newer modesetting Intel video driver

Unfortunately the newer driver is only available from 6.10 onwards (Edgy, Feisty etc), but not in 6.06.1 (Dapper). If you have Edgy or above then you can install the newer intel video driver with:-

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-intel

Then edit your /etc/X11/xorg.conf and change the

Driver "i810"

to

Driver "intel"

reconfigure the grapchics driver

sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh xserver-xorg

tar xvfz xampp-linux-1.6.5a.tar.gz -C /opt

FTP CONFIGRATIONS

sudo apt-get install vsftpd

Step # 2: Configure /etc/vsftpd.conf

The default vsftpd configuration file is /etc/vsftpd.conf. You need to edit this file using text editor such as vi:
$ sudo vi /etc/vsftpd.conf

Add the following line (uncomment line) to the vsftpd configuration file:
local_enable=YES
Above config directive will allow local users to log in via ftp

If you would like to allow users to upload file, add the following to the file:
write_enable=YES

For security you may restrict local users to their home directories. Add the following to the file:
chroot_local_user=YES

Save and close the file.

sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart

rar file extractor

use terminal
sudo apt-get install rar
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/unrar
Applications -> Accessories -> Archive Manager

or synaptic search rar install

Permission

sudo chown nirbhab -R /opt/lampp

sudo chgrp nirbhab -R /opt/lampp

sudo chmod 777 -R /opt/lampp

HOWTO: Setup easy web development environment (XAMPP) http://joeabiraad.com/linuxunix/installing-lamp-on-ubuntu-710-linuxapachemysqlphp/100

This is a how-to for setting up a web development environment easily. This guide will install the XAMPP lampp stack into /opt, setup an easy way to start it up and shut it down, and link a folder in your home directory to the webserver.

WARNING
This guide is aimed at a development environment only and should not be used as a public webserver. To setup a public webserver follow the directions on the Ubuntu wiki https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ApacheMySQLPHP

As this is Ubuntu, all the major parts of a typical web server are included (in the main repo, or on the Ubuntu Server CD) and this is a great way to setup a server. The ubuntu developers have prepared a great web server and have made the process as seemless as possible.

But what if even the official way is still to complicated? What if you just want a quick web server for development?

Fortunately there is the XAMPP project: http://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp.html. The XAMPP project bundles Apache, PHP4 & 5, Perl, mySQL, and a bunch of other utilities/applications into an simple package for Mac OSX, Windows, Solaris, and Linux. Obviously this HOWTO only deals with the linux version.

For those of you with already existing Apache/mySQL/php installations it installs everything into /opt so it doesn't conflict with any other installation, and it is completely setup and ready to run.

Install XAMPP

Two easy steps:

1. Download the most recent version of XAMPP: (at time of writing 1.5.3a)
   http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/x...ar.gz?download
   (Source URL: http://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp-linux.html#374)

2. Extract the archive to /opt using sudo: (make sure you are in the directory that you downloaded the archive to)

Code:

sudo tar xvfz xampp-linux-1.5.3a.tar.gz -C /opt

Start XAMPP

To start it up, open a terminal and type this:

Code:

sudo /opt/lampp/lampp start

Stop XAMPP

To stop it, open a terminal and type this:

Code:

sudo /opt/lampp/lampp stop

Additional XAMPP commands

To see additional commands, open a terminal and type this:

Code:

sudo /opt/lampp/lampp

Sweet XAMPP Control Panel



To use the sweet gtk/python control panel:

Run in a terminal:

Code:

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/xampp-control-panel.desktop

Paste the following into the open file and save and exit.

Code:

[Desktop Entry]

Comment=Start/Stop XAMPP

Name=XAMPP Control Panel

Exec=gksudo "python /opt/lampp/share/xampp-control-panel/xampp-control-panel.py"

Icon[en_CA]=/usr/share/icons/Tango/scalable/devices/network-wired.svg

Encoding=UTF-8

Terminal=false

Name[en_CA]=XAMPP Control Panel

Comment[en_CA]=Start/Stop XAMPP

Type=Application

Icon=/usr/share/icons/Tango/scalable/devices/network-wired.svg

"XAMPP Control Panel" will show up in your applications menu under Internet. Use the Alacarte Menu Editor to move it around.

Test to see if XAMPP is running

Once XAMPP is up and running open firefox and go to: http://localhost/

You should see the XAMPP test page:



Location of files and uploading

XAMPP by default uses /opt/lampp/htdocs as the root web directory. The easiest way to start working on files is to link a folder in your home directory into this directory.
My user name is peter so I have /home/peter/public_html linked to /opt/lampp/htdocs/peter. So if I navigate to http://localhost/peter/ I get a listing of all the files/folders in that directory. (As long is there isn't a index.php/html/etc file)
To set this up, run in a terminal:

1. Make public_html directory in home directory:

Code:

mkdir ~/public_html

2. Link to /opt/lampp/htdocs

Code:

sudo ln -s ~/public_html /opt/lampp/htdocs/$USER

Now any files and folders you place in ~/public_html will be published to your personal webserver.

Bookmark http://localhost/username to make this easy to access.

WARNING - SECURITY
http://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp-linux.html#381
Open holes:

1. The MySQL administrator (root) has no password.

2. The MySQL daemon is accessible via network.

3. ProFTPD uses the password "lampp" for user "nobody".

4. PhpMyAdmin is accessible via network.

5. Examples are accessible via network.

6. MySQL and Apache running under the same user (nobody).

This doesn't leave your whole system wide open, but someone could hack your XAMPP installation, so be wary.
To fix most of the security weaknesses open a terminal and run:

Code:

sudo /opt/lampp/lampp security

Welcome to the Linux version of XAMPP (on x86-compatible processors) By the way: In the past this software was called LAMPP but to avoid misconceptions we renamed it to »XAMPP for Linux«. So if you are seeking for LAMPP you're on the right track. ;) If you encounter any problems with XAMPP please feel free to get in touch with us. This will help us to improve XAMPP and make it more useful for everybody.

Jump-off point Pictures of XAMPP for Linux Installation in 4 Steps Step 1: Download Step 2: Installation Step 3: Start Step 4: Test READ ME A matter of security (A MUST READ!) PHP 4 or PHP 5? Advanced start and stop parameters What is where? Stopping XAMPP Uninstall

Pictures of XAMPP for Linux As the old saying goes, a picture is worth a thousand words. Here you can take a look at some screen shots of a XAMPP installation. Step 1: Download Simply click on one of the links below. It's a good idea to get the latest version. :) A complete list of downloads (older versions) is available at SourceForge. A detailed overview over the changes and contents of all XAMPP releases is available in the RELEASE NOTES.

XAMPP for Linux 1.6.5a, 2007/12/25
Version	Size	Notice
XAMPP Linux 1.6.5a	52 MB	Apache 2.2.6, MySQL 5.0.51, PHP 5.2.5 & 4.4.7 & PEAR + SQLite 2.8.17/3.3.17 + multibyte (mbstring) support, Perl 5.8.7, ProFTPD 1.3.1, phpMyAdmin 2.11.3, OpenSSL 0.9.8e, GD 2.0.1, Freetype2 2.1.7, libjpeg 6b, libpng 1.2.12, gdbm 1.8.0, zlib 1.2.3, expat 1.2, Sablotron 1.0, libxml 2.4.26, Ming 0.3, Webalizer 2.01, pdf class 009e, ncurses 5.8, mod_perl 2.0.2, FreeTDS 0.63, gettext 0.11.5, IMAP C-Client 2004e, OpenLDAP (client) 2.3.11, mcrypt 2.5.7, mhash 0.8.18, eAccelerator 0.9.5.2, cURL 7.13.1, libxslt 1.1.8, phpSQLiteAdmin 0.2, libapreq 2.07, FPDF 1.53, XAMPP Control Panel 0.6 MD5 checsum: ca9355ef857b00068aba21ce014422af
Upgrade 1.6.4 to 1.6.5a	23 MB	Upgrade package. How to upgrade? MD5 checksum: 9c0f4bad6a79747598d8e3aee6d03771
Upgrade 1.6.5 to 1.6.5a	0 MB	Upgrade package. How to upgrade?. MD5 checksum: 06f121cc6ec45a1f8accf6fee8a4d6b8
Development package	27 MB	The development package contains all files you need if you want to compile other software packages for XAMPP by yourself and the Unix manual pages. Install this package like the normal XAMPP distribution: tar xvfz xampp-linux-devel-1.6.5a.tar.gz -C /opt MD5 checksum: 2c652233f28554463776b133563a06ef

Attention: If you download these files on a Windows system and you're running McAfee virus scanner you may get a false positive virus warning. This is a problem with McAfee and gzip-compressed files, it should be ignored. Step 2: Installation After downloading simply type in the following commands: Go to a Linux shell and login as the system administrator root: su Extract the downloaded archive file to /opt: tar xvfz xampp-linux-1.6.5a.tar.gz -C /opt Warning: Please use only this command to install XAMPP. DON'T use any Microsoft Windows tools to extract the archive, it won't work. Warning 2: already installed XAMPP versions get overwritten by this command. That's all. XAMPP is now installed below the /opt/lampp directory. Step 3: Start To start XAMPP simply call this command: /opt/lampp/lampp start You should now see something like this on your screen: Starting XAMPP 1.6.5a... LAMPP: Starting Apache... LAMPP: Starting MySQL... LAMPP started. Ready. Apache and MySQL are running. If you get any error messages please take a look at the Linux FAQ. Step 4: Test OK, that was easy but how can you check that everything really works? Just type in the following URL at your favourite web browser: http://localhost Now you should see the start page of XAMPP containing some links to check the status of the installed software and some small programming examples. The Instant Art example: A small PHP/GD program (since 0.9.6pre1 also a flashy PHP/Ming example, see screenshot). Thanks to Anke Arnold for her font »AnkeCalligraph«. A matter of security (A MUST READ!) As mentioned before, XAMPP is not meant for production use but only for developers in a development environment. The way XAMPP is configured is to be open as possible and allowing the developer anything he/she wants. For development environments this is great but in a production environment it could be fatal. Here a list of missing security in XAMPP: The MySQL administrator (root) has no password. The MySQL daemon is accessible via network. ProFTPD uses the password "lampp" for user "nobody". PhpMyAdmin is accessible via network. Examples are accessible via network. MySQL and Apache running under the same user (nobody). To fix most of the security weaknesses simply call the following command: /opt/lampp/lampp security It starts a small security check and makes your XAMPP installation more secure. Ads PHP 4 or PHP 5? Because such very new versions like PHP 5 always should be handled with care we decided to include both current versions of PHP into XAMPP since version 1.4.7: PHP 5.x and PHP 4.x. If you find out your PHP application doesn't work with PHP 5 you will be able to switch back easily to PHP 4. By the following command you can switch "back" to PHP 4.x: /opt/lampp/lampp php4 And with the following command you can switch back to PHP 5.x: /opt/lampp/lampp php5 If you forgot which version of PHP is in use simply use phpinfo() or call this command: /opt/lampp/lampp phpstatus Advanced start and stop parameters Until version 0.9.4 /opt/lampp/lampp could only start and stop XAMPP. Since version 0.9.5 it learned a lot of new things to do.

START AND STOP PARAMETERS
Parameter	Description
start	Starts XAMPP.
stop	Stops XAMPP.
restart	Stops and starts XAMPP.
startapache	Starts only the Apache.
startssl	Starts the Apache SSL support. This command activates the SSL support permanently, e.g. if you restarts XAMPP in the future SSL will stay activated.
startmysql	Starts only the MySQL database.
startftp	Starts the ProFTPD server. Via FTP you can upload files for your web server (user "nobody", password "lampp"). This command activates the ProFTPD permanently, e.g. if you restarts XAMPP in the future FTP will stay activated.
stopapache	Stops the Apache.
stopssl	Stops the Apache SSL support. This command deactivates the SSL support permanently, e.g. if you restarts XAMPP in the future SSL will stay deactivated.
stopmysql	Stops the MySQL database.
stopftp	Stops the ProFTPD server. This command deactivates the ProFTPD permanently, e.g. if you restarts XAMPP in the future FTP will stay deactivated.
security	Starts a small security check programm.

For example: To start Apache with SSL support simply type in the following command (as root): /opt/lampp/lampp startssl You can also access your Apache server via SSL under https://localhost. What is where? What is where? A big question of our existens, here are some answers! ;)

IMPORTANT FILES AND DIRECTORIES
File/Directory	Purpose
/opt/lampp/bin/	The XAMPP commands home. /opt/lampp/bin/mysql calls for example the MySQL monitor.
/opt/lampp/htdocs/	The Apache DocumentRoot directory.
/opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf	The Apache configuration file.
/opt/lampp/etc/my.cnf	The MySQL configuration file.
/opt/lampp/etc/php.ini	The PHP configuration file.
/opt/lampp/etc/proftpd.conf	The ProFTPD configuration file. (since 0.9.5)
/opt/lampp/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php	The phpMyAdmin configuration file.

Stopping XAMPP To stop XAMPP simply call this command: /opt/lampp/lampp stop You should now see: Stopping LAMPP 1.6.5a... LAMPP: Stopping Apache... LAMPP: Stopping MySQL... LAMPP stopped. And XAMPP for Linux is stopped. Uninstall To uninstall XAMPP just type in this command: rm -rf /opt/lampp The end.